There are roughly forty home EV chargers available in the UK and European market in 2026. Most comparison guides cover about six of them, rank them in whatever order maximises affiliate revenue, and call it a day.
This guide doesn’t do that.
The best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 comparison is built around the brands and models that actually matter to real UK and European homeowners right now — Wallbox, Easee, Hypervolt, Myenergi Zappi, Zaptec, Ohme, and a few others worth knowing. It covers real specs, honest installation requirements, what smart features actually deliver versus what they promise, and — most importantly — what happens when something goes wrong and you need warranty support.
Because buying a home EV charger in the UK or Europe in 2026 is a different decision from buying one in the US. The OZEV grant changes the cost equation. Three-phase availability changes the speed ceiling. Smart charging mandates in the UK change which features are legally required. And the brands that dominate the European market are almost entirely different from the US names you’d recognise.
Let’s get into it.
What’s Different About Buying an EV Charger in the UK and Europe in 2026
Before the rankings, context matters. The best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 decision involves several factors that don’t apply in the US.
The UK OZEV grant. The UK government’s Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme (EVHS) provides up to £350 off the cost of purchasing and installing a home EV charger for eligible homeowners. Only OZEV-approved chargers qualify — and the charger must be installed by an OZEV-registered installer. Most of the chargers on this list qualify, but always confirm before purchasing. The grant meaningfully changes the net cost calculation, particularly for mid-range chargers.
Smart charging mandates. From June 2022, all new home EV chargers sold in the UK must have smart charging capabilities built in — specifically, the ability to shift charging to off-peak hours and respond to smart tariff signals. This means dumb chargers like the Grizzl-E Classic that are perfectly legal in the US cannot be sold as new units in the UK. Every charger on this UK-focused list is smart by legal requirement.
Three-phase availability. Unlike the US where three-phase residential supply is rare, many European homes — particularly in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, and Scandinavia — have three-phase supply as standard. This changes the top speed ceiling from 7.4 kW (single-phase) to 22 kW (three-phase). UK homes are predominantly single-phase, which caps most UK home charging at 7.4 kW regardless of charger rating.
Type 2 is universal. Unlike the US mid-transition between J1772 and NACS, the European market has had a single unified AC charging standard — Type 2 — since 2013. There’s no connector transition happening and no compatibility confusion. Every EV sold in the UK and Europe uses Type 2 for AC charging.
If you want to understand how Type 2 fits into the global connector landscape, our J1772 vs Type 2 connector guide covers the full picture.
#1 Wallbox Pulsar Plus — Best Overall for UK and European Homes
Price: £649-£799 (unit only, UK); €699-€849 (Europe) Connector: Type 2 tethered or untethered Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) or 22 kW (three-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: App control, scheduled charging, energy monitoring, solar integration, Alexa/Google Home, bidirectional ready Warranty: 2 years (extendable) OZEV Approved: Yes
The Wallbox Pulsar Plus is the most complete answer to the best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 question for the majority of homeowners. It’s compact — about the size of a large hardback book — which matters in the UK where garages and parking spaces tend to be tighter than their US equivalents. It’s available in both single-phase (7.4 kW) and three-phase (22 kW) versions, making it relevant across the full range of European home electrical configurations.
The app is genuinely good. Scheduling, energy monitoring, and solar integration all work reliably in real-world use. The bidirectional charging readiness is the forward-looking feature — Wallbox has been clear that V2H (vehicle-to-home) functionality is coming via software update on compatible vehicles, which means this hardware has a longer useful life than most competing units.
Real-world owner feedback across UK EV communities — Speakev forum, Electric Vehicle Forum UK, various Facebook groups — is consistently positive. The Pulsar Plus is one of the most installed home chargers in the UK and that installed base shows in the quality of the user community and third-party support available.
Where it falls short: At £649-£799 before installation, it’s one of the pricier options on single-phase. The 2-year warranty is shorter than you’d hope for a unit at this price point — Hypervolt’s 3-year coverage is better. Customer support response times have been flagged in some owner reviews as slower than ideal for a premium-priced product.
Verdict: The best overall Level 2 EV charger for UK and European homeowners in 2026. The combination of build quality, smart features, bidirectional readiness, and a mature installed base makes it the safest choice across the widest range of home setups.
#2 Easee One — Best for Scandinavian and Northern European Three-Phase Homes
Price: £549-£649 (UK); €499-€649 (Europe) Connector: Type 2 untethered socket Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) or 22 kW (three-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: App control, scheduled charging, energy monitoring, load balancing, dynamic power sharing between multiple units Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Yes
The Easee One is a Norwegian brand that has built one of the strongest reputations in the Scandinavian and Northern European market — and for good reason. The dynamic power sharing between multiple Easee units is the standout feature for households or small commercial setups with more than one EV. Install two or three Easee chargers and they automatically balance the available load between them — no additional hardware, no configuration beyond the initial app setup.
The 3-year warranty is the best standard coverage on this list — a genuine differentiator at this price point. Easee’s build quality is excellent and the Norwegian brand’s engineering pedigree shows in the unit’s reliability track record across several years of real-world European deployments.
The untethered socket design is worth noting. Unlike tethered chargers where the cable is permanently attached to the unit, the Easee One has a Type 2 socket — you plug your car’s own cable into it. This is more flexible if you have multiple EVs with different cable lengths, and means the cable itself is the part that wears and needs replacement rather than the installed unit.
Where it falls short: The Easee One is less well known in the UK market than Wallbox or Hypervolt, which means fewer UK-based installers are familiar with it and the local support infrastructure is less mature than in Scandinavia. The untethered design — while technically flexible — is less convenient for daily use than a tethered cable that’s always ready to grab.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for European homeowners with three-phase supply — particularly in Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium where three-phase residential is common. The 3-year warranty and dynamic load sharing make it especially strong for multi-EV households.
#3 Hypervolt Home 3 — Best for UK Homeowners Who Prioritise Support
Price: £749-£849 (unit only, UK) Connector: Type 2 tethered Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: App control, scheduled charging, energy monitoring, Hypervolt Connect hub integration, solar divert Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Yes
Hypervolt is a British brand and the Hypervolt Home 3 is designed specifically for the UK market — which shows in details that matter. The app’s integration with UK smart tariffs (Octopus Agile, OVO Drive Anytime, British Gas EV tariff) is the best of any charger on this list. If you’re on or planning to switch to a smart EV tariff, the Hypervolt Home 3’s automatic scheduling around tariff price signals is genuinely seamless in a way that imported European brands haven’t quite matched for UK-specific tariffs.
The 3-year warranty is the longest standard coverage available in the UK market alongside the Easee One — and Hypervolt’s customer support reputation in the UK is one of the best in the segment. For a product you’ll use daily for 5-8 years, that support track record matters more than most spec sheet numbers.
The Hypervolt Connect hub adds whole-home energy monitoring when used alongside the charger — turning your EV charger installation into a broader home energy management system. For UK homeowners with solar panels and battery storage, this integration is worth the premium.
Where it falls short: The Hypervolt Home 3 is only available as a single-phase 7.4 kW unit — there’s no three-phase version. For European homeowners with three-phase supply looking for 11 kW or 22 kW home charging, Hypervolt isn’t an option. It’s essentially a UK-only recommendation.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for UK homeowners who prioritise smart tariff integration, UK-specific support, and a 3-year warranty. Less relevant for European continental buyers.
#4 Myenergi Zappi — Best for Solar Homes Across UK and Europe
Price: £699-£849 (UK); €749-€899 (Europe) Connector: Type 2 tethered Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) or 22 kW (three-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: Solar divert, app control, scheduled charging, energy monitoring, Eco/Eco+ charging modes, hub integration Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Yes
The Myenergi Zappi earns its place in any best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 list on one feature alone: solar divert. And it does that feature better than anything else on this list.
Solar divert works like this. When your solar panels are generating more electricity than your home is consuming, the Zappi detects the surplus and diverts it to charge your EV instead of exporting it to the grid at a low feed-in rate. The result is that your car charges from free solar electricity during daylight hours rather than from grid power at peak rates.
In the UK where electricity prices have been elevated since 2022, and in Germany, Netherlands and Belgium where grid electricity is among the most expensive in Europe, the financial value of solar divert over a 5-7 year charger lifespan is genuinely significant. For a homeowner generating 3-4 kWh of daily surplus solar, the Zappi’s solar divert can save £200-£400 annually in charging costs — more than paying for the price premium over a basic smart charger within two years.
The Eco and Eco+ modes add nuance to the solar charging. Eco mode uses a mix of solar and grid power to maintain minimum charging speed. Eco+ mode uses solar only — the car charges slower on cloudy days but exclusively on free electricity.
Where it falls short: The Zappi’s solar focus means its non-solar smart features are less polished than Wallbox or Hypervolt. The app is functional but not the slickest on this list. If you don’t have solar panels now and have no plans to install them, the Zappi’s main differentiator doesn’t apply and you’re paying a premium for a feature you won’t use.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for UK and European homeowners with rooftop solar panels. If you have solar, this is the one. If you don’t, look elsewhere.
#5 Zaptec Go — Best Compact Option for Apartments and Tight Installations
Price: £549-£649 (UK); €499-€599 (Europe) Connector: Type 2 untethered socket Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) or 22 kW (three-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: App control, scheduled charging, energy monitoring, dynamic load balancing, multi-user support Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Yes
The Zaptec Go is a Norwegian brand — like Easee — with strong Scandinavian engineering credentials and a growing UK and European presence. Its standout feature is multi-user support: multiple drivers can access the same charger with individual accounts, individual billing, and individual usage history. For apartment buildings, shared parking facilities, or mixed-use setups where more than one person needs to charge, this is a genuinely useful capability that most home-focused chargers don’t offer.
The Zaptec Go is also one of the most compact chargers on this list — smaller than the Wallbox Pulsar Plus — which matters for tight wall spaces in UK garages and European underground parking facilities.
The 3-year warranty matches Easee and Hypervolt. Dynamic load balancing is included. Both single-phase and three-phase versions are available.
Where it falls short: Zaptec’s UK and European installer network is smaller than Wallbox’s, which can make finding a familiar installer more difficult depending on your location. The untethered socket design — same as Easee — is less convenient for daily solo use than a tethered cable.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for UK and European apartment dwellers, multi-user setups, or homeowners with genuinely tight wall space. The multi-user billing feature is a specific differentiator nobody else on this list matches.
#6 Ohme Home Pro — Best for UK Smart Tariff Users
Price: £699-£799 (UK) Connector: Type 2 tethered Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: Smart tariff integration, dynamic scheduling, energy monitoring, app control, solar divert Warranty: 2 years OZEV Approved: Yes
Ohme is a British brand built specifically around smart electricity tariffs. The Ohme Home Pro connects directly to your energy supplier’s API — not just a generic scheduling function — and automatically charges your car at the cheapest moments within your chosen time window based on real-time tariff pricing.
On Octopus Agile — the UK’s most dynamic smart tariff with prices that change every 30 minutes — the Ohme Home Pro’s automatic optimisation can reduce charging costs to near zero during negative price periods (when the grid pays you to use electricity) while avoiding expensive peak-rate charging entirely. For Octopus Agile users specifically, no other charger on this list comes close to the Ohme Home Pro’s tariff optimisation capability.
Where it falls short: The Ohme Home Pro is single-phase 7.4 kW only — no three-phase option. The 2-year warranty is the shortest on this section of the list. The deep tariff integration that makes it special is most valuable on Octopus Agile and a few other UK-specific tariffs — for European buyers on standard fixed tariffs the differentiation largely disappears.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for UK homeowners on Octopus Agile or other dynamic smart tariffs. Less compelling for everyone else and not relevant outside the UK.
#7 ABB Terra AC W7 — Best for Commercial-Grade Reliability at Home
Price: £849-£1,100 (UK); €899-€1,200 (Europe) Connector: Type 2 tethered or untethered Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) or 22 kW (three-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: App control, OCPP 2.0.1, load management, remote diagnostics, energy monitoring Warranty: 2 years standard, extendable to 5 years OZEV Approved: Yes
ABB is a Swiss industrial engineering company with decades of experience in power infrastructure. The Terra AC W7 is their residential EV charger and it’s built to a standard that makes most competing home chargers look like consumer electronics.
The OCPP 2.0.1 compliance is the standout spec. This is the commercial charging protocol — the same standard used by public charging networks — which means the ABB Terra integrates with commercial energy management systems and smart grid programs that OCPP 1.6 chargers can’t participate in. As the UK and European smart grid infrastructure develops through 2026-2028, OCPP 2.0.1 compatibility will become increasingly valuable.
The remote diagnostics capability means ABB can identify faults before they become failures — the charger proactively flags issues to the service system rather than waiting for you to notice something’s wrong.
The 5-year extended warranty option is the longest available on this list. For a premium installation at a premium price, that coverage matters.
Where it falls short: The ABB Terra is expensive — £849-£1,100 before installation is the top of the home charger price range. For a straightforward 7.4 kW single-phase home installation, it’s almost certainly more capability than most homeowners need. The price premium makes sense for high-use commercial-adjacent setups or homeowners who simply want the most reliable hardware available regardless of cost.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for UK and European homeowners who want commercial-grade reliability, OCPP 2.0.1 future-proofing, and the longest available warranty coverage. The price is hard to justify for basic home use.
#8 Pod Point Solo 3 — Best for UK Buyers Who Want Simplicity
Price: £799-£999 (installed, UK only) Connector: Type 2 tethered Max Power: 7.2 kW (single-phase) Installation: Hardwired (Pod Point handles installation) Smart Features: App control, scheduled charging, energy monitoring, smart tariff compatibility Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Yes
Pod Point is one of the most installed home EV charger brands in the UK — partly because EDF Energy acquired them in 2018 and partly because their all-in pricing model (unit plus installation in one quote) removes the complexity of sourcing hardware and an installer separately.
The Pod Point Solo 3 isn’t the most feature-rich charger on this list. But it works reliably, the installation process is straightforward, the 3-year warranty is solid, and the end-to-end customer experience — from ordering to installation to ongoing support — is more consistent than buying a Wallbox or Hypervolt unit and finding your own OZEV-registered installer.
For UK buyers who find the process of researching chargers, comparing specs, and sourcing an independent installer overwhelming — and many do — Pod Point’s integrated approach has genuine value beyond the hardware itself.
Where it falls short: The Pod Point Solo 3 is only available in the UK and only as a single-phase 7.2 kW unit. It’s not relevant for European continental buyers. At £799-£999 all-in it’s reasonable value but not exceptional hardware for the price — the Hypervolt Home 3 or Wallbox Pulsar Plus at similar price points offer better specs and smart features if you’re willing to source your own installer.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for UK buyers who value a simple, managed end-to-end installation experience over having the most advanced hardware on the wall.
#9 Schneider Electric EVLink Home Smart — Best for European Homeowners Who Want a Trusted Industrial Brand
Price: €599-€749 (Europe) Connector: Type 2 tethered or untethered Max Power: 7.4 kW (single-phase) or 22 kW (three-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: App control, scheduled charging, OCPP 1.6, energy monitoring, load management Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Not applicable (European market)
Schneider Electric is a French industrial engineering company with a presence in European homes through their electrical distribution equipment. The EVLink Home Smart benefits from that industrial engineering heritage — solid build quality, reliable hardware, and a service network that reaches across Europe more consistently than younger EV-focused brands.
The three-phase 22 kW version is a legitimate option for European homeowners with the right supply. OCPP 1.6 support covers smart home integration for most current use cases. The 3-year warranty and pan-European service network are genuine strengths.
Where it falls short: The app and software experience is noticeably less consumer-friendly than Wallbox, Easee, or Hypervolt. Schneider’s strength is hardware and reliability — the digital experience feels like it was designed by engineers rather than product designers. Not a dealbreaker but worth knowing going in.
Verdict: The best Level 2 EV charger for continental European homeowners who prioritise brand reliability, a strong pan-European service network, and three-phase capability over a polished app experience.
#10 Rolec WallPod EV Home — Best Budget Option for UK Buyers
Price: £449-£549 (unit only, UK) Connector: Type 2 tethered Max Power: 7.2 kW (single-phase) Installation: Hardwired Smart Features: Basic scheduling, app control Warranty: 3 years OZEV Approved: Yes
Rolec is one of the older established EV charging brands in the UK — they’ve been making charging equipment since before most of the brands on this list existed. The WallPod EV Home is the budget end of their residential lineup and it earns its place on this list as the most affordable OZEV-approved option with a 3-year warranty.
At £449-£549, with the £350 OZEV grant applied, your net unit cost drops to £99-£199 before installation. For a straightforward single-phase 7.2 kW home charger with basic smart features and solid warranty coverage, that’s difficult to argue with on pure cost grounds.
The smart features are basic compared to Wallbox, Hypervolt or Myenergi Zappi — scheduling and app control are present but energy monitoring and solar integration are not. It does what it needs to do reliably, which is the most important thing.
Where it falls short: The app and smart feature experience is noticeably behind the premium options. No solar integration. No advanced load management. Not relevant outside the UK market.
Verdict: The best budget Level 2 EV charger for UK homeowners whose primary goal is reliable everyday charging at the lowest possible net cost after the OZEV grant. Not the right pick if smart features or solar integration matter to you.
Best Level 2 EV Chargers UK Europe 2026 — Complete Head to Head
| Charger | Price (UK) | Max Power | Warranty | Solar | OZEV | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wallbox Pulsar Plus | £649-£799 | 7.4/22 kW | 2 years | Yes | Yes | Overall best |
| Easee One | £549-£649 | 7.4/22 kW | 3 years | No | Yes | Multi-EV homes |
| Hypervolt Home 3 | £749-£849 | 7.4 kW | 3 years | Yes | Yes | UK smart tariffs |
| Myenergi Zappi | £699-£849 | 7.4/22 kW | 3 years | Best in class | Yes | Solar homes |
| Zaptec Go | £549-£649 | 7.4/22 kW | 3 years | No | Yes | Apartments |
| Ohme Home Pro | £699-£799 | 7.4 kW | 2 years | Yes | Yes | Octopus Agile |
| ABB Terra AC W7 | £849-£1,100 | 7.4/22 kW | 2-5 years | No | Yes | Commercial grade |
| Pod Point Solo 3 | £799-£999 installed | 7.2 kW | 3 years | No | Yes | Simple install |
| Schneider EVLink | €599-€749 | 7.4/22 kW | 3 years | No | N/A | Europe reliability |
| Rolec WallPod | £449-£549 | 7.2 kW | 3 years | No | Yes | Budget UK |
The OZEV Grant — What UK Buyers Need to Know in 2026
The UK Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme provides up to £350 off the purchase and installation of a home EV charger. To qualify in 2026:
- You must own or have ordered a qualifying electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle
- The charger must be OZEV-approved — all chargers on this list qualify
- Installation must be carried out by an OZEV-registered installer
- The property must be in the UK
- The charger must be a smart charger — a legal requirement in the UK since June 2022 anyway
The grant is claimed through your installer — you don’t apply directly. Make sure your installer is OZEV-registered before booking. An unregistered installer means no grant.
At £350 off a Rolec WallPod at £449-£549, your net unit cost before installation drops to £99-£199. At £350 off a Wallbox Pulsar Plus at £649-£799, you’re paying £299-£449 for the unit before installation. Factor this into any UK price comparison — the grant meaningfully changes the relative value of budget versus premium options.
The Smart Tariff Question — Which Charger Works Best With Which UK Tariff
One of the most underrated buying considerations for UK homeowners is how well the charger integrates with their electricity tariff. Here’s the honest breakdown:
Octopus Agile (dynamic 30-minute pricing): Ohme Home Pro is built for this. Wallbox and Hypervolt also integrate well. Rolec and Zaptec handle it adequately with manual scheduling.
Octopus Go / OVO Drive Anytime (fixed cheap overnight rate): Any smart charger with scheduling works — Hypervolt, Wallbox, Zappi, Easee all handle this easily. No significant differentiation.
British Gas EV tariff: Hypervolt and Pod Point integrate most smoothly. Others work with manual scheduling.
E.ON Next Drive / EDF EV tariff: Pod Point (EDF-owned) integrates directly. Others work via scheduling.
Solar export / SEG tariff: Myenergi Zappi is the clear winner. Solar divert makes direct use of surplus generation rather than exporting it at low SEG rates.
If you want to understand how smart tariff charging fits into the broader Level 1, Level 2 and DC Fast Charging framework, our EV charging guide 2026 covers the full picture clearly.
Five Mistakes UK and European Buyers Make When Choosing a Home EV Charger
Mistake 1: Buying a three-phase charger on a single-phase supply This is the UK version of the 48A mistake US buyers make. A 22 kW three-phase charger on a UK single-phase supply delivers 7.4 kW. You’ve paid extra for capacity your supply can’t provide. Confirm your supply type before buying anything rated above 7.4 kW.
Mistake 2: Forgetting the OZEV grant in the budget calculation Several UK buyers compare charger prices without factoring in the £350 grant. A Hypervolt at £749 minus the grant is £399 — suddenly much closer to the Rolec at £449-£549 minus the grant at £99-£199. The grant changes the relative value calculation significantly.
Mistake 3: Choosing a charger before confirming the installer situation Some chargers — particularly newer European brands like Easee and Zaptec — have smaller UK installer networks. If the nearest OZEV-registered installer familiar with your chosen brand is 80 km away, that affects both installation cost and future service call-outs.
Mistake 4: Ignoring smart tariff compatibility If you’re planning to switch to Octopus Agile or another dynamic tariff — and the savings on EV charging are a significant reason to switch — buying a charger with weak tariff integration locks in a suboptimal experience for the charger’s entire lifespan.
Mistake 5: Not reading the warranty fine print A 3-year warranty that excludes voltage surge damage is a weaker warranty than it looks in the UK, where supply quality varies significantly between properties. Our EV charger warranty comparison guide breaks down what warranty terms actually mean in practice — worth reading before you finalise any purchase.
Internal Links — Further Reading on Clean Energy Bazaar
The best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 comparison is where most buyers start. Here’s what to read next.
Before buying any charger, use our interactive quiz to find the right EV charger for your home — it walks through your car’s AC charging rate, your supply type, and your installation requirements to confirm which spec tier makes sense. If the specs in this comparison feel confusing, our guide to understanding EV charger specs 2026 translates kW, amps, three-phase, and OCPP into plain language. For the broader charging framework — how home Level 2 charging fits into the full picture including DC fast charging — our EV charging guide 2026 covers it clearly. And if you’re also comparing US charger options for a household that operates across both markets, our best home EV chargers 2026 US comparison covers the ten top US options with the same honest approach.
Final Thoughts
The best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 question has a different answer depending on who you are and where you live.
The honest summary:
- Overall best for most UK and European homes: Wallbox Pulsar Plus
- Best for three-phase European homes and multi-EV households: Easee One
- Best for UK smart tariff users: Hypervolt Home 3 or Ohme Home Pro
- Best for solar homes: Myenergi Zappi
- Best for apartments and multi-user setups: Zaptec Go
- Best for commercial-grade reliability: ABB Terra AC W7
- Best budget UK option after OZEV grant: Rolec WallPod EV Home
- Best for UK buyers who want a managed installation: Pod Point Solo 3
Don’t buy the most expensive charger unless your situation calls for it. Don’t buy the cheapest one and regret missing smart tariff integration over a 7-year ownership period. The best Level 2 EV chargers UK Europe 2026 for your home is the one that matches your supply type, your car, your tariff, and your realistic daily charging needs.
